Russian, Canadian, Norwegian log house.

[expert]

Russian, Canadian, Norwegian log cabin. What to choose?
Russian, Canadian, Norwegian log house.

When we taking about building a log house or a log cabin bath, mostly, people are thinkimg about material? A log or a timber? Less commonly, a carriage.

But it is important not only a material of a frame, but the way of cutting. Over the centuries a carpentry craft perfected and there are currently more than ten main types of logging.

A combination of various wooden parts together is called an angle joint.
A proper manufacturing process involves the creation of angle joints which will perceive the loads transmitted to them, and the coherent parts of the angle joint should fit tightly to each other in all surface of connection. When building exterior walls exposed to precipitation, it’s important no stagnant water in angle joints.

A log cabin consists of crowns. Four logs laid horizontally and connected at the corners by the angle joints, make a crown. The crown is placed on the crown, resulting in a frame house.
There are two basic types of connections all logs: whith a residue and without residue.
A felling of a frame house includes three basic operations: cutting of corners, cutting of grooves and edging of logs.

For a long time in Russia, a wooden frame house and baths were built by hand using only an axe, adze, chisel, plane and a trace ... An Axe and an adze. 1 – a wood axe 2 – a potes, 3 – a plane (a long scraper), 4 –a trace, 5 –an adze, 6 – a bit 7 – a vista, 8 – a carpenter's ax.

At the present time in Russia an arrangement of wooden corner joints of wood buildings is regulated by State Standard 30974-2002. The State Standard applies to corner, T-junctions of cobbled log wall used in construction and repair of wooden houses and baths. The State Standard applies to commercial and DIY manufacturing. The requirements of State Standart 30974-2002 are recommended.

[expert]

If you are interested in details about felling methods, look it up at the diary

And, here we will try to consider the main advantages and differences of three types of felling of log cabin with a residue (although each method has its own version). There are:
• a Russian felling
• a Canadian felling
• a Norwegian felling.
Russian log cabins are often placed directly on the ground, sometimes under the corners were planted boulders or chairs made of a larch were put.
After a final fitting of logs a log cabins were gathered on a moss.
The floors were recruited from timbers.
The attic floor was covered with a soil or a sand for a warmth.
Roofs were usually direct gabled ....

[expert]

A felling without residue:
A dovetailing.
- A felling without residue in a clean angle. The ends of the logs at the junction of the wooden house are trimed on both sides;
the ends of beams usually planked with boards to protect against wind and rain.
The halving of a log house requires highly skilled cutters. In Russia this method appeared in XVIth century.
Two main types of log home in a clean angle:
- The ends of logs are trimed parallel, on a top and a bottom removed a quarter of beam.
- lower and upper surfaces alternate the angle of slope in the form of a "dovetail", the beam is coupled with its neighbors, which does not allow to it to wriggle out. In conjunction of a "dovetail" the halving has a trapezoid shape, tapering to the bottom of the log.
This method of felling does not ensure a good thermal performance of construction, and therefore is used mainly for household constructions.
The halving with a suppression.
The halving with a thwart suppression is done for more reliable connection. A a small tenon is made on the upper surface, and on the lower face a corresponding groove, the tenon is in the inner corner of a framework. The halving has a shape of parallelepiped, and the tenon (a tooth) plays the same role as a suppression in cutting of the corner "in a cup."
A log cabin in a post.
A log cabin in a post is a "framework" thich consists of vertical posts with selected grooves. In the grooves of the pillars horizontally the logs are inserted, at the ends of which are pre-cut dowels, corresponding to the groove. A longitudinal groove on each horizontal beam is selected in the same way as other types of cutting...

[bill]

Does a laminated log cabin enter a building (sawn) timber?

[expert]

An angle joint with residue:
The log cabin in a bowl.
"Oblij" means round, hence the name.
One of the most ancient types of cutting a framework. The log cabin in a "cup" is stable, protruding parts of logs protect the corner of a carcass from rain and wind.

Some resemblance to felling "in a bowl" are three spieces: a cutting "in ohryapku", a cutting "in ohlup" and a cutting "in a crave".
A log cabin in “oblo”. This way of cutting can be divided into several types:
A longitudinal groove is selected from the top of logs.
- the simplest doble-notching.
- In the bowl at the bottom is left a crest for upper-groove logs.
- In the bowl at the bottom is left an additional ledge, not across, but along the beam, and from the bottom is selected a corresponding recess. Carpenters call such connection "in a rump."

A log cabin in a coir (in a "ohlupen”).
"Ohlupen" is called a hollowed out log covered something. The method of felling in coir is nearly the log cabin in “oblo” and its variants, the difference is that the bowl is cut in a top beam, and the top beam with a bowl like "claps" a lower beam. In essence, this is an inverted frame "in oblo." Rather complicated and very successful combination, a moisture does not get to the bowl and logs are stored longer.

A log cabin in “ohryap”.
A frame house in “ohryap” - like a halving, but only with residue, straight notchs are made on a top and on a bottom of timber.

A log cabin on a hook.
A cutting of log cabin on a hook is considered as the best one, in terms of strength and a heat. It is performed with a residue. The form of angle joint is a combination of elements of cutting of "a log cabin in a coir" and a cutting of "a log cabin in a cup."
A half of the bowl is selected on a bottom beam and another half of beam at the top beam, a groove is made. The hardest part of making is joint ....
I think in this topic, we restrict ourselves to natural wood. A woodland.

[Summer]

Where is a description of Canadian and Norwegian felling?

[expert]

Well, I've got to tell it like it is. There are also a Finnish and a Swedish felling. And we don’t fully understand
a Russian one.

[constructor]

A Canadian felling is behind them. I think nobody has not seen it in person. Please, show us quickly a Canadian log cabin, and maybe we will love it passionately?

[baltazar]

Question: What is the difference between milled beams and a Norwegian mast? 1. A timber called a timber and a beam is a beam.
2. A technology of producing timbers is a machine work of beams. A mast that I’ve seen, was made by petrol-powered saw and by hand.

I don’t claim to truth, but for me a log of course is more spiritual than a timber, It has something primordial than a beam made on a soulless machine. (I apologize in advance if I have offended someone).

[buldozer]

Has a log cabin a right to life? Sure, it has. Different technologies for logs and timbers. Different views, different opinions. Arguing is not necessary. Everyone chooses for himself.Well, you know...
Here, everyone has own point of view ... and all types of cutting are the right to existence. Shaped and laminated lumber, trimed log are high-technologies and a high performance.
With a possibility in today's lines to produce a two-storey house in one shift.
Well, a handmade of Canadian and Norwegian cabins is only for aesthetes who understand a lot about wooden architecture.
This is a piece of product. It is the art of wood.There is quite different atmosphere.What do you like most a long view on campfires and a manual work of master.

[expert]

Frst, thanks to everyone who is interested in this topic!
Frankly, I expect that we will slowly descend from the mountains and discuss in details the advantages and the disadvantages of each type of logging,. If there was one universal or perfect felling, then probably everybody would have used it?
The main disadvantage of Russian logging is that the logs are drying up and down the fibers unevenly and after a shrinkage are not attached firmly in a wooden house.
When reducing the diameter of the log the shape of connecting bowls is changed. Bowls disclosure from semi-circular they become oval. A traditional Russian log building requires a recalking. Another disadvantage is that unprotected, acting outside of a groove and bowls the insulation absorbs a rainwater, which then falls into joints, causing a rotting of wood.
This disadvantage is eliminated in a "Finnish wooden house".
The Finnish log felling has almost no difference from the Russian log felling, except that in the Finnish log cabine gap between wheeles doesn’t completely repeat the outline of underlying timber as in the Russian wooden house. It performed with a smaller radius that a top beam on a lower beam will only lean on edges.
A Swedish log cabin, is worth mentioning, perhaps, only because there was such way of cutting.
Currently, it is not almost used. A girth groove is performed as in the Finnish cabin. The ends of the logs are trimed in a shape of hexagon, a cup is trapezoid. It is a time consuming and not a very good way of cutting. In Russia, was used mostly when it was necessary to make beautiful outside corners.

[baltazar]

Absolutely right! All types are under consideration.

[expert]

Houses from a mast are traditionally built in Scandinavian countries. Hence the name "Norwegian log cabin," or a "Norwegian castle." A mast is a trimed two-edged cant, 15-20-25 cm of thickness, as a rule. It is made of thick logs of pine with a minimum diameter at the top about one and a half times greater than a thickness of mast, i.e for a wall of mast of 20 cm, the logs at the top have 28 cm and above.
- A Scandinavian style of felling includes the construction of interior walls and gables of house, too, from a mast, as well as a very powerful system of roof, capable of withstanding a heavy "land-grass" roof or a roof from a natural tile. The roof and a frame itself in the Norwegian house is whole structure, powerful beams of a truss system are in sight. The apex and ledgers have great fans, thanks to which the roof of the house has a fantastic view from the outside, but inside the house the ceilings in our understanding are missing, their role plays a foundation of roof.
A felling of a log house from a mast is performed on a so-called “Norwegian lock”.
- The main difference between a Norwegian lock and a Russian cup is that a cup has a rounded shape, and the Norwegian lock has a wedge-shaped (trapezoidal) profile.
The construction of the Norwegian lock (a bowl) allows sinking a mast in the wooden house. This lock is suited for manual cutting. As a rule, a construction of houses from a mast is made of logs with a diameter of 30-50 cm.

[constructor]

In a blockhouse through the use of logs of a large diameter there are fewer row of beams, and thus potentially dangerous in terms of freezing or blowing places.

To localize the cracks of shrinkage in invisible places, on a top / a bottom or along the axis of mast is made a compensation sawcut at the depth of 25-30% of the diameter of original logs. The saw cut is hidden from the eyes from the elements and by upper and lower crown. It doesn’t affect the strength or heat-shielding properties of the wall.

Although it should be noted that the mast is "bursting" more than a round timber, but the Scandinavian, and not only they (me too) think that the cracks do not spoil, but only adorn the walls from mast, emphasizing the naturalness of the material and the uniqueness of each log .

[expert]

The " Canadian cup" is a variant of Norwegian lock in relation to a round log.
For this purpose this in places of angle joints is made a tenon on a wedge of the log on inclined surfaces. It is believed that the "Canadian cup" - is the strongest and the "warmest" connection than a standard round bowl. Although it is fairly debatable.
When cutting the walls on the Canadian cuo, walls look like a solid array, the gaps between logs are absent, the cup has a trapezoidal shape, the insulation in the seams aren't barely visible due to form of a crown groove - its edges are lying close to the bottom of the log - it is running as during the Finnish felling - with the undercut, slightly smaller radius than the underlying timber that allows to cover the insulation from rain, wind and birds. Beyond the edges of grooves the heater is immediately cut to avoid a "sucking" water to the heater.
A recalking at the Canadian cutting and the Finnish chopping is not required.
I’d like to add that in the Russian version these types of felling is called "the saddlenotch" and is used infrequently.
The shape of groove, here is reminiscent of a "saddlenotch," but in the image mentioned above it's the "Swedish log cabin."
The “saddlenotch” presents 100% of the Canadian logging.
The difference is only in the form of the gap between wheeles.
The "saddlenotch" cutting:
The "saddlenotch" and the Canadian felling are twins.

The wooden House of Peter I on the Petrograd side is a witness of first days of life in the city. In the documents of the time of Peter, The House was called "The original palace" or The "Red mansions".
The log cabin size is 12.7 x 5.7 m from hewn pine logs was set by Sweden carpenters for three days on May 24 in 1703. On the roof of the building was installed a wooden mortar and "burning" shot, in a sign that the house was belonged to the captain of mortar company.
The exterior walls were painted bricking, trims and doors were adorned with a decorative painting. During the 1971-1975 period of a restoration work carried out by architect A.E Hesse, inside of the building had been cleared so-called the "herbal" ornament on the window frames and doors, made by oil paints. On a black background are intertwined flowers and herbs - roses, peppermints, cornflowers and carnations.
Unusual for a traditional Russian wooden architecture, large threefold windows with leaded panes, as well as the hexagonal cutting of logs and a layout. All interior doors of lodge are navals once they were removed from the Swedish ships captured by Peter I. Doors remain painting. In the House there is a offfice, a dining room, a bedroom and a hallway. In the office there was a tiled stove. In the rooms was reconstructed the interior of Peter's time. The walls are covered with canvas. The windows are glazed by a "lunar" glass, manufactured in our times, according the technology of XVIIIth century.

[buldozer]

But, different sources have different opinions on the nationality of carpenters....
The "House of Peter I” (The original “Palace of Peter I” or the “Red mansions”) in 1703, was built by unknown builders, carpenters from pine on the type of Swedish wooden houses and finished bricking. The first residential building and the only remaining wooden structure in St. Petersburg.

[baltazar]

Of course, the Indians didn’t build wigwams of wood. The British and the French, too, didn’t like wood, as I know. The ways of cutting were migrated to Canada by immigrants from Russia. The brothers they are. Native.

[bill]

Features of felling, highlighted by the authors of research as national, in principle, are not indisputable. The attempts to delineate more clearly have purely marketing roots. Maybe a mast in this group looks apart with an infamous "Norwegian mortise", but that’s anough to make a splash. So, there is nothing to distinguish.
About redesigned forest ..
A sawn timber, of course, separately ..
A profile with a milled log are simular.. I can even say relatives.. Although, I think I made haste .. - the author hasn’t witten all articles. ..
And another thing .. Yes .. preferences are different .. Just I wonder What determines a choice? , ie at the level of "like-dislike" apparently .. or someone sees a profound difference .. the Canadian proponents of cutting, for example .. Maybe they just liked the name ..

[Summer]

Yes, if it is possible, I would like to deal with question about the "Canadian" crown ie to understand the history and motives of such logging. Certainly, immigrants from Russia were brought it.
If my memory is not at fault, the indigenous people in Canada were Indians and Eskimos....

[expert]

I wrote, that a gap between wheeles is not completely repeats the outline of the underlying timber, as in the Russian log house, and performed with a smaller radius in order that the upper beam is leaned only to the lower edges of the beam (undercut).
It's too bad, but not surprising. A consultant and a seller are dentical concepts. Only if the second can use memorized phrases and extremely strange thoughts, the first one is simply inexcusable a lack of experience.. . Well, if you have it, it is strange that you didn’t remember that the undercut groove by hand cutting takes place at all times. More or less .. But just copied the profile of logs is rarer in our life than in a picture.. This is not a machine.. And about the assembly, excluding calking.. Wow. smile through tears; Well done the Canadian!.

Oh well .. a discussion really does not work, because relying on different sources, we will speak different languages .. There is a lot of things in our books, but not all of them are true ..